Solidity Bootcamp Curriculum (OUT OF DATE)

Lesson Name	Week	Day	Github Link	Objectives	Homework	Video Example	References	Expanded Curriculum
Introduction	1	Monday	‣	- Wallets and Transactions

How Ethereum Works
Contract interaction: Token Swap
Coding HelloWorld.sol
Compiling and Deploying | Create Github Issues with your questions about this lesson

Read introduction and topics table from references | https://youtu.be/F3i3F0uwVTg | https://remix-ide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

| Wallets and Transactions What is a wallet What wallets are out there Using metamasks Creating a public-private key pair Connecting to ropsten testnet Funding via a Faucet Sending a ETH transaction

How Ethereum Works Explaining Etherscan Transactions Gas Blocks Consensus and finality State changes The EVM Accounts

Contract Interaction: Token Swap What is a state change inside a smart contract operation?

Coding HelloWorld.sol Solidity philosophy OOP basics of Solidity Contract Structure (SPDX License Identifier; Pragmas; Imports; Comments, Contract definition) Variables Storage areas (Account storage; Memory; Stack) Constructor function Functions Visibility Typing Return values

Compiling and Deploying Compilation parameters (Compiler version; EVM Version; Optimization) Bytecode ABI Deployment parameters (Environment; Account; Gas; Contract) Attaching Deploying Inspect transaction on Etherscan Inspect state changes occurred | | Building HelloWorld.sol in Remix | 1 | Tuesday | ‣ | - Coding HelloWorld.sol

Detailed contract structure
Contract interaction
Clean code and documentation | Create Github Issues with your questions about this lesson

Read the references | https://youtu.be/rrfKmaDUy1o | https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/grammar.html

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/structure-of-a-contract.html

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/natspec-format.html#natspec | Coding HelloWorld.sol Solidity philosophyOOP basics of Solidity Contract Structure SPDX License Identifier Pragmas Imports Comments Contract definition Variables Storage areas Account storage Memory Stack Constructor function Functions Visibility Typing Return values

Detailed contract structure (Review) Contract structure (Review) Variables (Review) Storage What are objects (contracts and interfaces) Multiple objects per file

Contract interaction Part 1 Contract interactions using Remix Viewing state changes through functions Part 2 State changing calls Using interfaces Part 3 Payable functions Experimenting with payable calls

Variable declaration and definition
Assertion and Modifiers
Common Solidity Global Variables | Create Github Issues with your questions about this lesson

Read the references | https://youtu.be/DgPwjYwzbbk | https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/introduction-to-smart-contracts.html#accounts

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/introduction-to-smart-contracts.html#storage-memory-and-the-stack

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/types.html

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/solidity-programming-essentials/9781788831383/5d112969-a63d-48df-a58f-e45638a7e3dd.xhtml

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#error-handling-assert-require-revert-and-exceptions

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/structure-of-a-contract.html#function-modifiers

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html | Function definition Storage locations Account storage Replacing memory with calldata when stack is enough Definitions Visibility State mutability Modifiers Virtual Override

Variable declaration and definition Elementary types Booleans Integers Fixed Address Bytes Strings State Variables Constants Data locations (again) Arrays Mappings Access Encapsulation

Assertion and Modifiers How errors are handled on solidity (briefly) Assertion Require statements Modifiers Where to use modifiers

Common Solidity Global Variables Reserved words and global variables that a programmer should know Global variables about blockchain state Global variables about the transaction Global variables about the transaction message | | Tests and Scripts | 1 | Thursday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/04-Tests-Scripts | - Writing Unit Tests for Ballot.sol

Using Scripts to Automate Operations
Running Scripts
Running Scripts with Arguments | 1. Read the references

Finish covering other operations with scripts | https://youtu.be/fM3_mXWOYps | https://www.typescripttutorial.net/typescript-tutorial/typescript-hello-world/

https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/process.html#processargv

https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/providers/

https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/contract/contract-factory/ | Writing unit tests for Ballot.sol

More on Ether.js functions and utilities Bytes32 and Strings conversion Helper functions inside test scripts Unit tests structure and nested tests

Using scripts to automate operations

Running a script with yarn and node, ts-node and/or hardhat
Ballot deployment script
Passing arguments
Passing variables to the deployment script
Environment files
Providers
Connecting to a testnet with a RPC Provider
Running scripts on chain
Script for giving voting rights to a given address
Dealing with transactions in scripts

**Running scripts

Structure scripts to:

Deploy
Query proposals
Give vote right passing an address as input
Cast a vote to a ballot passing contract address and proposal as input and using the wallet in * environment
Delegate my vote passing user address as input and using the wallet in environment
Query voting result and print to console

Publish the project in Github
Run the scripts with a set of proposals, cast and delegate votes and inspect results
Write a report detailing the addresses, transaction hashes, description of the operation script * being executed and console output from script execution for each step (Deployment, giving voting * rights, casting/delegating and querying results).
(Extra) Use TDD methodology | - | - | - | - | | Events | 2 | Monday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/05-Events | - Events with Solidity

Watching for Events in Tests
Watching for events in scripts with Ethers.js
Watching for events in scripts connected to the Testnet | 1. Read the references

Expand the script for logging from the last activity: (a) Voting right given ** Print address of the receiver (b) Vote delegated ** Print address of the final delegate ** Print final voting weight of that delegate ** Print if the delegate has already voted (c) Vote given ** Whenever a vote is cast, display the winning proposal ** (Optional Level 1) Also display its vote count ** (Optional Level 2) Also display the name and vote counts of all other proposals | https://youtu.be/3NmAmTFrVww | https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/contracts.html#events

https://ethereum-waffle.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matchers.html#emitting-events

https://docs.ethers.io/v5/concepts/events/

https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/contract/contract/#Contract--events

https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/providers/types/#providers-Filter

https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/providers/types/#providers-EventFilter

https://github.com/NomicFoundation/hardhat/issues/1692#issuecomment-905674692

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/abi-spec.html#events

| Events with solidity

Event syntax
Event storage
Event indexing
Topics and filters
Transaction structure
State changes with events

Watching for events in tests - Event syntax in waffle

Triggering an event
Checking arguments

Watching for events in scripts with Ethers.js - Event syntax for Ethers.js library

Filters, EventFilters and topics
Event arguments
Event listeners and memory usage
Async logic
Triggering functions inside the script
Cleaning up after usage

Watching for events in scripts connected to the Testnet

(Review) Connecting to a testnet with a RPC Provider
Triggering events in a public blockchain
Viewing events in etherscan

Contract structure
Operating the contracts with scripts | 1. Read the references

Complete the operation scripts for ERC20 and ERC721
(Optional) Study test structure for ERC20 contract from OpenZeppelin Contracts Library
(Optional) Study test structure for ERC721 contract from OpenZeppelin Contracts Library
(Optional) Study what is “supportsInterface” function and ERC165 | https://youtu.be/o1ScQgWvnJ4 | https://eips.ethereum.org/

https://eips.ethereum.org/erc

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/erc20

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/erc721

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/wizard

https://www.npmjs.com/package/@openzeppelin/contracts

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/extending-contracts

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/access-control | Quickstart with OpenZeppelin wizard

Overview about Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs)
Overview about Application-level standards and conventions (ERCs)
Explain about OpenZeppelin Contracts library
Overview about ERC20
Overview about ERC721
Using OpenZeppelin wizard

Contract structure

Syntax about inheritance
Overview about OpenZeppelin features for ERC20 and ERC721
Overview about OpenZeppelin features for Access Control
Overview about OpenZeppelin utilities and components
Adding minting feature
Adding RBAC feature

Operating the contracts with scripts

(Review) Script operation
(Review) Accounts and funding
(Review) Providers
(Review) Async operations
(Review) Running scripts on test environment
Running the scripts on chain
Contract factory and json imports
Transaction receipts and async complexities when running onchain | | The NFT Shop Challenge | 2 | Wednesday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/07-NFT-Shop-Challenge | - Challenge explanation
Tests layout
Completing tests | 1. Read the references

Get to know the Coding Patterns and Design Patterns in the reference
(Optional) Experiment with dynamic pricing models for buying/selling the ERC20 and NFTs | https://youtu.be/-ALKeh2td3c | https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/development-recommendations/general/external-calls/

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/types.html#division

https://github.com/wissalHaji/solidity-coding-advices/blob/master/best-practices/rounding-errors-with-division.md

https://fravoll.github.io/solidity-patterns/

https://dev.to/jamiescript/design-patterns-in-solidity-1i28

https://halborn.com/what-is-a-front-running-attack/

https://quantstamp.com/blog/what-is-a-re-entrancy-attack

https://github.com/wissalHaji/solidity-coding-advices/tree/master/known-attack-patterns

https://ethereum-contract-security-techniques-and-tips.readthedocs.io/en/latest/known_attacks/

https://github.com/wissalHaji/solidity-coding-advices/tree/master/design-patterns/security | Challenge explanation Application Features

Buy a ERC20 with ETH for a fixed ratio
Withdraw ETH by burning the ERC20 tokens
Buy (Mint) a new ERC721 for a configured price
Update owner account whenever a NFT is sold
Allow owner to withdraw from account. **Only half of sales value is available for withdraw
Allow users to burn their NFTs to recover half of the purchase price
Update the NFT Mint price **Release from pool when decreasing price **Require allowance to top up pool reserves for liquidity when increasing price Architecture overview Contract external calls

Tests layout (Review) TDD methodology Best practices on external calls Dealing with decimals and divisions

Shifting decimal points
Underflow
Overflow (Review) Test syntax (Review) Positive and negative tests Integration tests

Completing tests

Coding patterns and design patterns
Avoiding Front Running advantages
Looking out for other attack vectors
(Bonus) Implementing pausable to prevent front runners to take advantage of privileged information over “normal” users
(Bonus) Demonstrate the money flow from buying the ERC20, then the NFT, then withdrawing by the owner | | Tokenized Votes | 2 | Thursday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/08-Tokenized-Votes | - The ERC20Votes ERC20 extension
ERC20Votes and Ballot.sol | 1. Read the references

(Optional) Study how ERC20Permit works https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/token/erc20#ERC20Permit
(Optional) Study and try out a full governance example from https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/governance | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee24MmxgWsc | https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/token/erc20#ERC20Votes

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/token/erc20#ERC20Snapshot | The ERC20Votes ERC20 extension - ERC20Votes properties

Snapshots
Creating snapshots when supply changes
Using snapshots
Self delegation
Contract overall operation

ERC20Votes and Ballot.sol

(Review) TDD
Mapping scenarios
Contracts structure | | Weekend Project 2 | 2 | Friday - Sunday | https://encodeclub.typeform.com/mayproject2 | 1. Form groups of 3 to 5 students

Complete the contracts together
Structure scripts to

Deploy everything
Interact with the ballot factory
Query proposals for each ballot
Operate scripts

Publish the project in Github
Run the scripts with a few set of proposals, play around with token balances, cast and delegate votes, create ballots from snapshots, interact with the ballots and inspect results
Write a report detailing the addresses, transaction hashes, description of the operation script being executed and console output from script execution for each step
(Extra) Use TDD methodology | - | | - | - | | Gas Limit | 3 | Monday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/09-Gas-Limit | - Weekend Project Review

Gas limit and loops
Fixing the contract | 1. Read the references

Finish the weekend project if you couldn’t so far | https://youtu.be/shJ4MD8tjn8 | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3324884.3416626

https://blog.b9lab.com/getting-loopy-with-solidity-1d51794622ad

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/types.html#bytes-and-string-as-arrays

https://github.com/wissalHaji/solidity-coding-advices/blob/master/best-practices/be-careful-with-loops.md | Weekend project review

Q&A
Projects review

Gas limit and loops

(Review) Block, block size and gas
Gas limit network variable
Transaction stack
Optimization patterns
O(n) versus N*O(1)

Gas limit and loops 2

Converting strings to bytes
Comparing strings
Dealing with bytes arrays
Loop syntaxes
Hitting gas limit

Fixing the contract

Loop best practices
Refactoring for N*O(1)
Keeping track of operation progress
Iteration until operation is completed
Backups and safeguards
Avoiding loops | | Randomness | 3 | Tuesday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/10-Randomness | - Randomness sources
Generating numbers from pseudorandom sources
Theory: Other randomness sources
Lottery contract | 1. Read the references

Complete test scenarios for Lottery.sol
(Optional) Try to implement some contract features
(Optional) Experiment with the Randomness sources presented | https://youtu.be/HNN6Xwbx0Ew | https://github.com/wissalHaji/solidity-coding-advices/blob/master/best-practices/timestamp-can-be-manipulated.md

https://fravoll.github.io/solidity-patterns/randomness.html

https://blockchain-academy.hs-mittweida.de/courses/solidity-coding-beginners-to-intermediate/lessons/solidity-11-coding-patterns/topic/commit-reveal/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_collision

https://fravoll.github.io/solidity-patterns/oracle.html

https://betterprogramming.pub/how-to-generate-truly-random-numbers-in-solidity-and-blockchain-9ced6472dbdf

https://docs.chain.link/docs/chainlink-vrf/

https://github.com/randao/randao

https://coinsbench.com/how-to-create-a-lottery-smart-contract-with-solidity-4515ff6f849a | Randomness sources

(Review) Block hash and timestamp
(Review) Hashing and bytes conversion
Creating a random number from block.hash and/or block.timestamp
Mining exploitation
False randomness

Generating numbers from pseudorandom sources

Using a trusted party for randomness
Signing a message
Verifying signature
Sealing a message with signature
Committing a sealed seed for randomness
Revealing a seed and processing randomness
Beware of hash collisions and parameter amplitude

Theory: Other randomness sources

Bias in decentralized randomness generation
Oracles
Data sources
Oracle patterns
On-chain data
VRF
RANDAO

Lottery contract

(Review) Design patterns
Architecture overview
Lottery structure | | Lottery | 3 | Wednesday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/11-Lottery | - Coding the contract
Incrementing the contract: update token address
Incrementing the contract: canceling the lottery
Clean code and documentation | 1. Read the references

Complete the NatSpec documenting of Lottery.sol
(Optional) Implement Radspec | https://youtu.be/rVrl_d7uH5U | https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/style-guide.html

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/natspec-format.html#natspec | Coding the contract - Implementing the relatively unsafe randomness source from block information

Implementing the time lock using block number
Block time estimation
Implementing the fee **(Review) Dealing with decimals
Withdrawing from pool and redeeming eth

Incrementing the contract: update token address

Setting the payment token as variable
Updating the payment token and safeguards

Incrementing the contract: canceling the lottery

Canceling the lottery and enabling refunds
(Review) Pull over push pattern

Clean code and documentation

(Review) Readability and standardization
The Style guide
Using the Linter
Function order
Layout
Naming conventions
Documentation
NatSpec Format | | Code Quality | 3 | Thursday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/12-Code-Quality | - Code Review
Gas optimization
Smart contract security | 1. Read the references

(Optional) Complete the security challenges from Ethernaut
(Optional) Play and finish Capture the Ether | https://youtu.be/CcvLYe6cC2Q | https://github.com/stevemao/github-issue-templates

https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/comparing-workflows/gitflow-workflow

https://smartbear.com/learn/code-review/best-practices-for-peer-code-review/

https://hardhat.org/guides/compile-contracts.html#configuring-the-compiler

https://eip2535diamonds.substack.com/p/smart-contract-gas-optimization-with

https://github.com/iskdrews/awesome-solidity-gas-optimization

https://ethereum-contract-security-techniques-and-tips.readthedocs.io/en/latest/known_attacks/

https://ethernaut.openzeppelin.com/ | Code Review

Code review
Git flow
Pull requests
Issue templates
Open source contributions
Peer code review

Gas optimization

(Review) Gas costs
(Review) Read and write operations
(Review) Storage, memory and stack
Compiler optimizer
Converting state reads to local reads
Converting multiple state writes to multiple local writes and single state write
Packing Structs

Smart contract security - (Review) Payable and Fallbacks

(Review) Attack vectors
Self destruct
(Review) External calls
(Review) Inspecting transactions to reveal data
(Review) Overflow and Underflow
Exploiting architecture flaws
Live examples **Ethernaut challenge 5 **Ethernaut challenge 8 **Ethernaut challenge 15 | | Weekend Project 3 | 3 | Friday - Sunday | https://encodeclub.typeform.com/mayproject3 | 1. Form groups of 3 to 5 students

Peer review each others code from last classes
Propose changes
Open issues and discussions on github repositories
Create pull requests to address issues discussed in your github repositories | - | - | - | - | | APIs | 4 | Monday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/13-APIs | - Architecture overview

Architecture design
NestJS Framework
Implementing the API | 1. Read the references

Implement GET methods to query total supply, allowance from a given address to another address, transaction status by transaction hash and transaction receipt of a transaction by transaction hash
(Optional) Remove the wallet from the environment, and implement a method to setup a wallet passing the private key as parameter

Methods that require a wallet should give an error message explaining that a wallet must be set before using that method | https://youtu.be/QSYk15khpiA | https://tray.io/blog/how-do-apis-work

https://restfulapi.net/

https://leapgraph.com/rest-api-alternatives/

https://futurice.com/blog/api-services-mvc

https://merehead.com/blog/development-trends-best-backend-frameworks-in-2022/

https://restfulapi.net/rest-api-design-tutorial-with-example/

https://www.coreycleary.me/what-is-the-difference-between-controllers-and-services-in-node-rest-apis/

https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/getting-started-guide/

****https://devdocs.io/express-getting-started/

****https://docs.nestjs.com/

****https://github.com/brocoders/nestjs-boilerplate

https://docs.nestjs.com/openapi/introduction

https://docs.nestjs.com/cli/overview

https://docs.nestjs.com/recipes/crud-generator | Architecture overview

API endpoints
HTTP and HTTPS requests and responses
Architectures **RESTful, SOAP, GraphQL, gRPC, Falcor, Pure JSON and others **Webhooks **MVC
Documentation **Swagger and Postman
Programming languages and Frameworks

Architecture design

Information and data
Object Modeling and resources
Model URIs
Controllers
Services
Database

NestJS Framework

Running services with node
Web server with node
Using Express to run a node web server
About using frameworks
Using NestJS framework
Overview of a NestJS project
Using the CLI
Initializing a project with NestJS
Swagger plugin

Implementing the API

The NestJS CLI
Creating Resources
Controllers, Services and Routes in NestJS
Modules and injections (overview)
Server configuration
Serving scripts as services
Params, DTOs and Payloads
HTTP errors and messages
(Review) Environment
Implementing the features

Design of User Experience and User Interface
Frameworks
Implementing the dApp | 1. Read the references

Implement a feature for importing a wallet by pasting a seed phrase of private key as an alternative to creating a new one
(Optional) Implement more features you might find interesting
(Optional +) Rewrite the dApp using another framework of your choice | https://youtu.be/8rFy-5_Mqio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application

https://fuzzymath.com/blog/components-of-good-ui-design-examples/

https://blog.logrocket.com/the-history-and-legacy-of-jquery/

https://existek.com/blog/top-front-end-frameworks-2021/

https://www.browserstack.com/guide/top-css-frameworks

https://angular.io/docs https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/getting-started/introduction/

https://ng-bootstrap.github.io/#/getting-started

https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/examples/

https://ng-bootstrap.github.io/#/components/accordion/examples

https://github.com/ng-bootstrap/ng-bootstrap/tree/master/demo/src/app/components

https://angular.io/cli

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/localStorage

https://angular.io/guide/reactive-forms | Architecture overview

The browser
HTML
CSS
Javascript
Dynamic content
Languages and frameworks
Responsiveness
Mobile development

Design of User Experience and User Interface - Feature mapping

User Experience
User interface
Page structure
Application flow **Public area **Authentication or Registration **Logged area
Sketching wireframes

Frameworks

The JQuery era and the need for dynamic content
Modern programming languages and frameworks
Picking a framework
CSS Frameworks
Angular
Bootstrap
Ng-bootstrap
Using samples from examples

Implementing the dApp - Creating the project

Creating components and defining routes for each page
Generating a wallet and storing at Local Storage on login
Reading blockchain data on page load
Displaying values in HTML using Angular
Reactive features in the page
Button actions and events | | Integration | 4 | Wednesday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/15-Integration | - Coupling frontend and APIs
Auth methods for the Web3.0
File storage for the Web3.0 | 1. Finish the integration

Study about IPFS
(Optional) Implement more features to integrate frontend and backend from previous classes | https://youtu.be/5MKTUGfnmC4 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loose_coupling

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication_protocol

https://dev.to/lparvinsmith/signatures-as-authentication-in-web3-3kod

https://ipfs.io/ | Coupling frontend and APIs

On-chain and off-chain features
Keeping user Private Key private
Authentication methods
Using signatures as a form of authentication
Mapping interactions, resources and payloads
Handling errors

Auth methods for the Web3.0

Consuming services from API
Authentication and authorization
Elliptic encryption
Signing messages
Message signature in body
Verifying signatures

File storage for the Web3.0

Files on the server
Scalable centralized solutions
Databases vs File servers
Decentralized file storage principles
Introducing IPFS
IPFS as a File Server | | IPFS | 4 | Thursday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/16-IPFS | - Using The IPFS
Integrating IPFS in a NodeJS Server | 1. Read the references

Experiment with IPFS with other files and folders | https://youtu.be/Imo0j9xl-0s | https://docs.ipfs.io/

https://docs.ipfs.io/how-to/command-line-quick-start/

https://docs.nestjs.com/techniques/file-upload

https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-json-db | Using The IPFS

Hosting and Co-Hosting files with IPFS
Running a node
Connecting to a local node
Uploading files
Downloading files
File hashes

Integrating IPFS in a NodeJS Server

Handling file data over http
Large files
Implementing size limits and file type filters in the controller
Mocking a database with a JSON file **Dealing with file systems **Writing records **Reading records | | Weekend Project 4 | 4 | Friday - Sunday | https://encodeclub.typeform.com/mayproject4 | 1. Build a NodeJS web server and API using NestJS

Run a local node of IPFS
Upload 10 images to this node
Create a JSON and build metadata descriptions for 10 NFTs, each using one unique image
Make a GET method in the API to get the metadata by id
Deploy a NFT Collection and mint 10 NFTs, and assign the API endpoint to the token URI
Integrate this NFT Collection and APIs in a frontend application to display NFTs metadata and images | - | - | - | - | | Sponsor Week | 5 | Monday - Thursday | | | | https://youtu.be/NUCMVJjtc4w, https://youtu.be/wFbwKQOrS_o, https://youtu.be/CUpvS0H9tQc | | | | Scaling & Advanced Solidity and Assembly | 6 | Monday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/17-Scaling | Scaling Blockchain

Scaling overview
Polygon (Matic)

Advanced Solidity and Assembly

Encoding and string manipulation
Positive and negative overflow and underflow
Assembly
ECDSA example | 1. Read the references

Test more Polygon features
(Optional) Test other scaling solutions you find interesting
Test other functions from the libraries presented
Test other cases of overflow
(Optional) Recreate ERC20 in assembly as this example | https://youtu.be/rjBJUOFdZKc | https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/blockchain-trilemma-decentralization-scalability-definition

https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/04/07/sharding.html

https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/05/23/scaling.html

https://ethereum.org/en/bridges/

https://docs.matic.today/docs/develop/getting-started/

https://docs.polygon.technology/docs/develop/ethereum-polygon/plasma/getting-started/

https://docs.matic.today/docs/develop/ethereum-matic/pos/getting-started/

https://maticnetwork.github.io/matic.js/docs/get-started/

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/develop/abi-spec.html

https://betterprogramming.pub/solidity-playing-with-strings-aca62d118ae5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_overflow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_underflow

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/utils#SafeMath

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/080-breaking-changes.html

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/assembly.html

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/yul.html#yul

https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/utils/Address.sol

https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/utils/Create2.sol

https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191

https://eth.wiki/en/fundamentals/rlp

https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/utilities#checking_signatures_on_chain

https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol | Scaling overview

The scalability trilemma
Layer 1 solutions
Layer 2 solutions
Sharding
Bridges **Trusted **Trustless
Cross chain
Consensus mechanisms for scaling

Polygon (Matic)

Polygon project
Plasma bridge
PoS bridge
Interacting with matic using Ethers.js library
Matic.js library
Coding bridges

Encoding and string manipulation - What is ABI encoding

Using ABI encoding to manipulate bytes
Packing and unpacking
Using ABI encoding to manipulate strings
Using libraries **Solidity Utilities by willitscale **String utils by Arachnid

Positive and negative overflow and underflow

The age of SafeMath
Solidity 0.8.0
Using overflow without reverting **Valid use cases for overflow **Command blocks inside solidity **Using “Unchecked” block
Misconceptions about underflow

Assembly

Syntax overview for Yul
Inline assembly
Use cases
Solidity conventions for using inline assembly

ECDSA example - Overview about ECDSA signature

The danger of signing messages
EIP191 and avoiding unintentionally signing a RLP
Verifying signatures
ECDSA OpenZeppelin Utility **Usage of string manipulation in function toEthSignedMessageHash **Usage for inline assembly in function tryRecover | | DeFi | 6 | Tuesday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/18-DeFi | - Projects overview
Flash swaps and flash loans
Implementing ERC20FlashMint | 1. Read the references

Test some DeFi projects in testnet
Try around with Flash Swaps and Flash Loans | https://youtu.be/-x3ffr_l-C4 | https://www.defipulse.com/

https://docs.makerdao.com/

https://docs.aave.com/hub/

https://uniswap.org/developers

https://curve.readthedocs.io/

https://docs.convexfinance.com/convexfinance/

https://docs.dydx.exchange/#general

https://docs.tornado.cash/general/readme

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-are-flash-loans-in-defi

https://docs.aave.com/faq/flash-loans

https://docs.uniswap.org/protocol/guides/flash-integrations/inheritance-constructors

https://medium.com/coinmonks/tutorial-of-flash-swaps-of-uniswap-v3-73c0c846b822

https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3156

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/token/erc20#ERC20FlashMint

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/interfaces#IERC3156FlashLender

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/interfaces#IERC3156FlashBorrower | Projects overview

The idea around DeFi
Locked value
Stablecoins, marketmakers and lending protocols
Swaps and DEXs
Assets and derivatives
Payments

Flash swaps and flash loans - Collateralized and unsecured loans

Flash loans
Flash loans attacks
Flash swaps
Multiple swap steps
Gas fees

Implementing ERC20FlashMint

EIP 3156 for Flash loans
Implementing ERC20FlashMint
Loan fees
Implementing IERC3156FlashLender and IERC3156FlashBorrower
Running a flash loan
Ensuring that the loan can be paid | | Upgradeability Patterns | 6 | Wednesday | https://github.com/Encode-Club-Solidity-Bootcamp-May/19-Upgradeability | - Patterns overview
OpenZeppelin plugins and contracts
Implementing a simple contract upgrade | 1. Read the references

Try out other upgrade patterns | https://youtu.be/6mQpJL2J4cQ | https://mirror.xyz/0xB38709B8198d147cc9Ff9C133838a044d78B064B/M7oTptQkBGXxox-tk9VJjL66E1V8BUF0GF79MMK4YG0

https://medium.com/@shub.sharma350/upgradability-patterns-in-solidity-part-1-13e23ce1f144

https://medium.com/@shub.sharma350/upgradability-patterns-in-solidity-part-2-8a2e531d80f8

https://medium.com/@shub.sharma350/upgradability-patterns-in-solidity-part-3-cba09b164497

https://medium.com/@shub.sharma350/upgradability-patterns-in-solidity-part-4-99a2ae29876e

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/upgrades

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/learn/upgrading-smart-contracts

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/proxy

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/upgrades-plugins/1.x/writing-upgradeable

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/upgrades-plugins/1.x/proxies

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable

https://docs.openzeppelin.com/upgrades-plugins/1.x/hardhat-upgrades | Patterns overview

Upgrading the immutable
The simple Interface Pattern
The problem with migrating storage
The problem with logic changes
Flexible and storage efficient solutions **Proxy contracts **Unstructured and transparent proxies **Storage patterns **Diamond patterns **Metamorphic contracts

OpenZeppelin plugins and contracts

Upgrade Plugin
Upgradeable variants
Building upgradeable contracts with OpenZeppelin
Constructor and Initializers
Upgradeable Libraries
Creating contracts
Unsafe operations
Restrictions

Implementing a simple contract upgrade

Running upgrades with hardhat
Implementing a proxy pattern
(Review) Delegate calls
Extending storage
Changing logic
Understanding the risks
Calling updates

Analyze some of the contracts created in this bootcamp using these tools | https://youtu.be/7Yjs8n04yNY | https://github.com/crytic/slither

https://github.com/crytic/echidna

https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore

https://mythx.io/

https://github.com/eth-sri/securify2

https://github.com/scopelift/fakerdao | The Security Toolbox

Docker
Running images
Tools **Slither **Echidna **Manticore **Mythx **Securfy2
Fakerdao sample project | | Sponsor Workshops | 7 | Monday - Thursday | | | | | | | | Team Project Work | 8 | Monday - Thursday | | | | | | |